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Coleman-Liau Readability Score

FREE Request for Proposal Letters ToolkitAlso known as: Coleman-Liau, Coleman-Liau grade, Coleman-Liau grade level, Coleman-Liau grade level score, Coleman-Liau readability score, Coleman grade level score, Coleman score, Liau reading score, Liau grade level, Coleman-Liau reading level, or Coleman-Liau score.

The Coleman-Liau Grade Level readability score score gauges the understandability of a text. The formula uses word length in characters and sentence length in words to determine a score corresponding to the estimated grade level or grade level score.

Coleman-Liau Grade Level Formula

Also known as: Coleman-Liau readability, Coleman-Liau reading assessment, Coleman-Liau readability assessment, Coleman-Liau equation, Coleman-Liau reading, Coleman-Liau reading ease, Coleman-Liau readability test, or Coleman-Liau scale.

The formula for the Coleman-Liau Grade Level score is:

CLGL =
(5.89 x (AWL / ASL))
- (30 x ANS / ASL)
- 15.8

where:

CLGL : Coleman-Liau grade level score
AWL : average word length or number of characters per word (number of characters divided by the number of words)
ASL : average sentence length in words or average number of words in sentence (number of words divided by the number of sentences)
ANS : average number of sentences

Common misspellings: coelman-liau, coldman-liau, coleman-laiu, cloeman-liau, colman-liau, coleman-laiu, coleman liua, coleman-lau, coleman-liu, or coleman-ilau.

Best-known Readability Statistics, Scores, and Formulas

The Coleman-Liau readability score is part of the best-known readability scores, amongst other indicators measuring how easily an adult can read and understand a text. Readability statistics are good predictors of the level of difficulty of documents, particularly technical ones. They present different readability scores that are computed using readability formulas. Other readability statistics most commonly used are:

How to display Coleman-Liau Readability Score in Microsoft MS Word?

Microsoft Word (MS Word), as a powerful word processor, provide you with a built-in tool to display the score list, amongst other readability statistics, but, unfortunately, not Coleman-Liau readability score:

  1. On the Tools menu, click Options, and then click the Spelling & Grammar tab.
  2. Select the Check grammar with spelling check box.
  3. Select the Show readability statistics check box, and then click OK.
  4. Click Spelling and Grammar on the Standard toolbar.
    It is only when Word finishes checking spelling and grammar that it will display information about the reading level of the document. To skip the correction process, press the "Ignore All" button located in the upper right part of the suggestion box, then will appear the statistics box. Coleman-Liau score is not listed but can be computed, as shown in the next section, by applying the aforementioned formula with the average number of words, characters, and sentences displayed in the statistics list.

Be aware that MS Word displays such scores for text in the last language that was checked, likely in the last processed paragraph.

Our Microsoft's version of the Coleman-Liau readability score

Although MS Word doesn't provide the Coleman-Liau Readability level per se, it's still possible to compute it from the statistics handy, namely the average number of words, characters, and sentences displayed in the statistics list and programmatically available from the built-in document statistics object in MS Word.

Coleman-Liau Reading Ease Score Macro Source Code:

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' Implement your own readability scores, including
' the Coleman-Liau score, by using the built-in
' readability scores object provided by Microsoft Word
' Macro written using Visual Basic (VB) Editor
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Sub Display_Readability_Scores_Marco()
  
' Start of the readability statistics marco
  
Dim Stats As String
  
Dim Words As String
  
Dim Characters As String
  
Dim Paragraphs As String
  
Dim Sentences As String
  
Dim Sentences_per_paragraph As String
  
Dim Words_per_sentence As String
  
Dim Characters_per_word As String
  
Dim Ratio_of_passive_sentences As String
  
Dim Flesch_Reading_Ease_score As String
  
Dim Flesch_Kincaid_Grade_Level_score As String
  
Dim Coleman_Liau_Readability_Score As String

  
' There are 10 statistical parameters
   ' Get their value from the built-in statistics object

   Words                          
 = ActiveDocument.Content.ReadabilityStatistics(1).Value
   Characters
                       = ActiveDocument.Content.ReadabilityStatistics(2).Value
   Paragraphs
                       = ActiveDocument.Content.ReadabilityStatistics(3).Value
   Sentences
                        = ActiveDocument.Content.ReadabilityStatistics(4).Value
   Sentences_per_paragraph
          = ActiveDocument.Content.ReadabilityStatistics(5).Value
   Words_per_sentence
               = ActiveDocument.Content.ReadabilityStatistics(6).Value
   Characters_per_word
              = ActiveDocument.Content.ReadabilityStatistics(7).Value
   Ratio_of_passive_sentences
       = ActiveDocument.Content.ReadabilityStatistics(8).Value
   Flesch_Reading_Ease_score
        = ActiveDocument.Content.ReadabilityStatistics(9).Value
   Flesch_Kincaid_Grade_Level_score
= ActiveDocument.Content.ReadabilityStatistics(10).Value

  
' Compute Coleman-Liau score
   Coleman_Liau_Readability_Score
= Int((5.89*Characters/Words)-(30*Sentences/Words)-15.8)

   Stats
= "BASIC COUNTERS"             & vbCrLf & _
           ""
                           & vbCrLf & _
           "Characters"
                 & vbTab & vbTab & " : " & Characters & vbCrLf & _
           "Words"
                      & vbTab & vbTab & vbTab & " : " & Words & vbCrLf & _
           "Sentences"
                  & vbTab & vbTab & " : " & Sentences & vbCrLf & _
           "Paragraphs"
                 & vbTab & vbTab & " : " & Paragraphs & vbCrLf & __
           ""
                           & vbCrLf & _
           "RATIOS"
                     & vbCrLf & _
           ""
                           & vbCrLf & _
           "Characters per word"
        & vbTab & " : " & Characters_per_word & vbCrLf & _
           "Words per sentence"
         & vbTab & " : " & Words_per_sentence & vbCrLf & _
           "Sentences per paragraph"
    & vbTab & " : " & Sentences_per_paragraph & vbCrLf & _
           ""
                           & vbCrLf & _
           "READABILITY SCORES"
         & vbCrLf & _
           ""
                           & vbCrLf & _
           "Passive Sentences"
          & vbTab & vbTab & " : " & Ratio_of_passive_sentences & vbCrLf & _
           "Flesch Reading Ease"
        & vbTab & " : " & Flesch_Reading_Ease_score & vbCrLf & _
           "Flesch Kincaid Grade Level"
& vbTab & " : " & Flesch_Kincaid_Grade_Level_score & vbCrLf & _
           "Coleman-Liau readability"
   & vbTab & " : " & Coleman_Liau_Readability_Score & vbCrLf

  
' Display all readability scores parameters
   MsgBox Stats, vbOKOnly, "Readability Statistics"

  
' End of the readability statistics macro
End Sub  ' Sub Display_Readability_Scores_Marco()

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Federal Contract Oversight

by Project on Government Oversight (POGO)
 FREE RFP Letters Toolkit, 2009 Edition

Podcast: How Bad Performance Can Be Good for Business in Government ContractingExpand

POGO's Scott Amey dishes out a post-mortem on a recent Commission on Wartime Contracting hearing--at which he testified--on contractor accountability..

POGO Provides Post-hearing Supplemental Materials to the Commission on Wartime ContractingExpand

Pursuant to the Commission on Wartime Contracting's (Commission) request that the record for the hearing held on February 28, 2011, "Ensuring contractor accountability: Past performance and suspensions and debarments," be supplemented within thirty days, the Project On Government Oversight (POGO) provides the following information. Specifically, POGO believes the Commission should recommend that the Federal Awardee Performance and Integrity Information System (FAPIIS) be expanded in scope and that the Department of Defense's (DoD) revolving door database of senior level acquisition officials be made publicly available.[2].

Solution: How the Government Can Stop Doing Business With Risky ContractorsExpand

It is very hard for the federal government to have a successful criminal or civil prosecution of their contractors and it is the hardest to do with the Department of Defense (DoD). In January, the DoD created a stir when it released its Report to Congress on Contracting Fraud, which examined the extent to which the Pentagon awarded contracts to companies that defrauded the government. The report found that, from Fiscal Year 2007 to Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the DoD awarded almost $270 billion in contracts to 91 contractors found liable in civil fraud cases, and $682 million to 30 contractors convicted of criminal fraud. .

U.S.Government Rarely Suspends or Debars Those Responsible for Billions in Tax Dollars Lost to Fraud, Waste, Abuse in War ZonesExpand

Tens of billions of dollars are being lost to waste and fraud in Iraq and Afghanistan because of a toothless U.S. contracting system so reliant on a handful of major contractors that it rarely suspends or desbars them, even when those companies have committed serious offenses, according to the Project On Government Oversight's (POGO) testimony today before a independent, federal commission..

Commercial Item Exceptions Must be Eliminated From New Suspension and Debarment RuleExpand

The Project On Government Oversight (POGO) provides the following public comment to FAR Case 2009-036, "Federal Acquisition Regulation; Uniform Suspension and Debarment Requirement" (75 Fed. Reg. 77739, December 13, 2010). The Civilian Agency Acquisition Council and the Defense Acquisition Regulations Council (the Councils) issued an interim rule amending the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) to implement section 815 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (P.L. 111-84), which extends the restriction on contracting to subcontractors at any tier that have been suspended or debarred, with certain exceptions for commercial item and commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) item acquisition contracts..

Should Debarred Contractors Be Allowed to Build Military Aircraft?Expand

Today, POGO submitted a public comment about a new rule limiting the ability of suspended or debarred contractors to do business with the federal government. The rule prohibits prime contractors from subcontracting with any entity that has been suspended, debarred, or proposed for debarment..

Pentagon Cuts Back Contract Audits, Opens Door for Contractor OverpaymentsExpand

Under the guise of eliminating overlap, the Pentagon last month sharply reduced oversight of defense contracts, according to memos obtained by the Project On Government Oversight (POGO). The changes, which give some of the duties of the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) to the less aggressive Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA), were outlined in a January memo signed by Shay Assad, the director of Defense Procurement and Acquisition Policy. DCAA staff were informed of the changes in a Jan. 31 memo from DCAA Director Patrick Fitzgerald..

Testimony of POGO's Nick Schwellenbach on "Improving Federal Contract Auditing"Expand

We believe that there should be an independent Federal Contract Audit Agency (FCAA), as long as it is done right. This isn't a new idea: it is an idea that has been batted around since at least the 1980s, when DCAA whistleblower George Spanton exposed serious problems at DCAA. .

Federal Government Needs Strong, Independent Auditor to Oversee Billions in Contract Spending, POGO Tells Senate PanelExpand

The responsibility of auditing the hundreds of billions of dollars spent each year on defense and civilian contracts should fall to a single, independent agency that is outside of the Pentagon's chain of command, the Project On Government Oversight (POGO) told a U.S. Senate panel today..

Last Modified: Tuesday, March 22, 2011 1:05:58 PM

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