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Also known as: Flesch-Kincaid, Flesch-Kincaid readability level, Flesch-Kincaid reading, Flesch-Kincaid reading level,
Flesch-Kincaid grade levels, Flesch-Kincaid reading levels, Flesch-Kincaid grade level, Flesch-Kincaid grade, Flesch-Kincaid readability,
Flesch-Kincaid readability assessment, Kincaid reading, J.P.
Kincaid grade level, Flesch-Kincaid reading assessment, Flesch
readability statistics, Rudolf
Flesch-J.P. Kincaid grade level, JP Kincaid grade level, Flesch-Kincaid reading ease,
Flesh Kincaid, Flesch-Kincaid Readability age level, Kincaid
Flesch readability
statistics, Flesch-Kincaid readability rating, Flesch-Kincaid rating, Flesch-Kincaid reading age,
or Flesch-Kincaid readability grade level.
The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level readability score analyzes and rates text on a U.S. grade-school level based on the average number of syllables per word and words per sentence. For example, a score of 8.0 means that an eighth grader would understand the text. Given standard writing averages seventh to eighth grade, aim for a Flesch-Kincaid score between 7.0 and 8.0.
Also known as: Flesch-Kincaid index, Flesch-Kincaid grade level score, Flesch-Kincaid scale, Flesch-Kincaid score, Flesch-Kincaid readability score, Flesch-Kincaid readability statistics, Flesch-Kincaid grade level index, Flesch-Kincaid readability index, Flesch-Kincaid readability equation, Flesch-Kincaid grade level scale, Flesch-Kincaid rating, Kincaid readability formula, Flesch-Kincaid grade scale, Flesch-Kincaid readability scale, Kincaid reading formula, Flesch-Kincaid reading scale, Flesch-Kincaid readability test, Flesch-Kincaid readability formula, Flesch-Kincaid grade level highest, or Flesch-Kincaid grade level range.
The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level readability score formula is:
FKRS = (0.39 x ASL) + (11.8 x ASW) - 15.59
where:
FKRS : Flesch-Kincaid Readability Score ASL : average sentence length in words or average number of words in sentence (number of words divided by the number of sentences) ASW : average number of syllables per word (the number of syllables divided by the number of words)
A corollary is the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Age (FKRA) formula:
FKRA = (0.39 x ASL) + (11.8 x ASW) - 10.59
where:
FKRA : Flesch-Kincaid Reading Age ASL : average sentence length in words or average number of words in sentence (number of words divided by the number of sentences) ASW : average number of syllables per word (the number of syllables divided by the number of words)
The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level formula is used by the US Government Department of Defense as a standard test.
The test allowing to compute this score was created by Rudolf Flesch in the 1940's, and later enhanced by John P. Kincaid.
Common misspellings: flesh, flesh-kincaid, flecsh-kincaid,
flsch-ikncaid, flsech-kincaid, flech-kincaid,
flesh-kicnaid,
flesch-kicnaid, flesch-kincad, or flesch-kinciad.
The Flesch-Kincaid readability score is part of the best-known readability scores, amongst other indicators measuring how easily an adult can read and understand a text. Readability statistics are good predictors of the level of difficulty of documents, particularly technical ones. They present different readability scores that are computed using readability formulas. Other readability statistics most commonly used are:
Microsoft Word (MS Word), as a powerful word processor, provide you with a built-in tool to display Flesch-Kincaid Readability score, amongst other statistics:
Be aware that MS Word displays Flesch-Kincaid readability score, like any other readability score, for text in the last language that was checked, likely in the last processed paragraph.
Why Johnny Can't Read:
And What You Can Do about It
![]()
by Rudolf Flesch, father of the Flesch Reading Ease
Paperback: 240 pages
ISBN: 0060913401
Book Description:
The classic book on phonics -the method of teaching recommended by the U.S. Department of Education-
contains complete materials and instructions on teaching children to read at home.
The Classic Guide to Better Writing:
Step-by-Step Techniques and Exercises to Write Simply, Clearly and Correctly
![]()
by Rudolf Flesch, father of the Flesch Reading Ease
Paperback: 320 pages
ISBN: 0062730487
Book Description:
Every phase of writing is addressed in
this authoritative, practical guide. Specific topics include: organizing
information, discovering a personal voice, enhancing readability and
checking grammar and spelling. Featuring hundreds of exercises and written
in a relaxed, entertaining style, this is the perfect aid for the many
Americans who wish to improve their communication skills in both their
business and personal lives.
How to Write, Speak and Think More Effectively
![]()
by Rudolf Flesch, father of the Flesch Reading Ease
Paperback: 352 pages
ISBN: 0451167635
Book Description:
Clear thinking. Concise speech. Forceful writing.
These are the three basic keys, considered by to successful communication. And positive
communication -making your point in the shortest and most provocative
manner- is the most important skill you can learn no matter what type of
career you pursue. Now Rudolf Flesch, a renowned authority on writing,
offers you a complete, step-by-step course for improving your thinking,
writing, and speaking abilities. His program will show you how to:
Rudolf Flesch is the father of the Flesch Reading Ease score.
The Simplified English Analyzer: a computer aid for authoring text
written in controlled English.
by J.P. Kincaid, J.D. Kniffin, M. Thomas, S. Lang,
and others (1990)
Description:
Proceedings of the Topical Meeting on Advances in Human Factors Research on
Man/Computer.
Intelligent authoring aids for technical instructional materials
written in controlled English.
by J.P. Kincaid, C.D. Kincaid, M. Thomas, and others (1991)
Description:
Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education.
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